The FCC wants most telcos who operate cellular service to have
their towers supplied with
backup power sufficient for at least eight hours of service
if the normal grid power goes down. Most of them are protesting
the mandate, saying that it is too expensive and in a lot of
circumstances, impossible, as the siting decisions already made
preclude placement of heavy batteries and generators.
.."Jackie McCarthy, director of governmental affairs for
PCIA _ The Wireless Infrastructure Association, said the
government should allow the industry to decide how best to keep
its networks running, pointing out that all the backup power in
the world won't help a cell tower destroyed by wind or
wildfires."....more, no immediate payback or ROI on
security, there..but you find out how valuable it really is once
your security plans, including backups, get used in an emergency.
ed: just *very* generally speaking, I think just about everything
should have backup power. Today, electricity more or less equals
civilization. You lose electricity, things start to deteriorate
rapidly. Communications are just one example there. In this
particular case, the telcos get *licensed* public spectrum in
order to run a business from which they profit. Many other
businesses in the past have had to contend with "new"
regulations, that at first they resisted, saying it was
impossible, too expensive and so on. Like "waah, we
can't make any money unless we dump toxic chemical waste
directly in the drinking water supply" or "waah, it is
too hard, we can't make cars that have a fleet average fuel
economy of 24 MPG" and so on. But..they somehow managed.
A mandated 8 hour backup solution would be quite the economic
incentive boost to getting Large light(er)weight batteries that
are both cheap, powerful-enough and *don't suck* or blow up.
In other words, I think they could figure out how to do it, and
in the long run, in the next emergency, it might come in useful.
And to get back to the other, 8 hours for a lot more businesses,
like say gas stations, or grocery stores. Power goes out, whoops,
no pumping gas or running the till or anything-right when folks
need it the most. Houses in general, power goes out, no backup,
stuff in the fridge starts going, no heat, no cooling, etc. All
of that. Backup and decentralized power, additional points of
production or storage, is a very good idea for "societal
civilization security".
Look at that last big Florida power outage, one guy working on
one switch messed up, poof, ton of loss of
"civilization" for folks. Granted, not a Katrina scale,
but an example of how critical electricity is, and the necessity
for starting to get away from the massive single point of failure
models, even if it costs some money "upfront" and has
no apparent immediate "this quarter" return on
investment.
Um, that would seem on the surface at least to be an idiotic proposal.
A ubiquitous "8 hours of lifeline" on cell-phones will be mostly spent on people saying "Are you ok?" and answering, incorrectly, "Yeah, I think so." And congestion will be so high that responders (first, second, or otherwise) won't get much benefit from the network, especially when 12 hours later it no longer works.
The F'ing Article talks about $15K per tower costs. Lower that to $7K. Spend $3.5K per tower to buy walkie-talkies and give them away randomly to those in range of each tower who are part of a DHS preparedness program. Turns out that walkie-talkies, batteries, bullhorns and the like are on the "wish list" of our local, DHS-participating disaster preparedness neighborhood committee. With the other $3.5, pool funds from all the towers around each fire station or police station and earmark that for buying in to an open source back-bone for robust, inter-agency, responder communications -- faster, cheaper, better coordination infrastructure (there are many start-ups in this direction already... this would be some sweetness for the pot). So, we cut the $15K burden in half and get better results.
Just get more people qualified as ham emergency operators and then just have emergency backup power at the repeater site. 8-hours should be just fine since you could always get Joe Bob to run some diesel up the hill if needed.
You might not have immediate emergency service, "help, the building collapsed on me", but in a real emergency the circuits get overloaded anyway. I remember when the last big quake hit the Bay Area I wasn't able to call the parents for a couple days due to 'all circuits are busy'.
But what I've been somewhat hearing is they are trying to phase out the amateurs in favor of technological solutions which they can have complete control over. You know Verizon isn't going to tell them 'dude, you know we got this thing called a constitution...' unlike some crufty old retired vet running the emergency net.
Ok, I made that last part up but it's not inconceivable given the federalization of the police and emergency services.
'No you can't take your boats in there and rescue stranded people, you need federal authorization and a background check to get an emergency service worker license.'
Yep, I carry around a 2-meter, 440-cm ham radio and an external antenna in the work truck Just In Case™.
Traditional fixed line telcos always worked from line interactive / always on power supplies via battery banks.
For some reason the cell networks never bothered, and treated the mains power supply as a 100% uptime resource.
It seems quite pointless to mandate things like 911 procedures and location awareness in a system that is by default killed by simply cutting the power.
My local telco exchange here in Exeter runs from a 48VDC battery system (charged by the mains) with an endurance of 7 days. From memory it used to have (may still) an onsite diesel generator as well
As Thomas said, 24 or 48 hours endurance is useless.
The other problem with cell sites is the number of them per given area compared to traditional telephone exchanges.
Cell phone "uptime" eg ability to connect first time every time and no dropouts ever is already piss poor compared to landline technology, and it looks like in a race towards the bottom of the market it is only going to get worse.
Having solar / clockwork / other means yourself to charge your own mobile is little use if the local tower is powered down,.
I really wonder about the whole cellphone situation. On one hand, I keep hearing all about how cell infrastructure is cheaper to install and maintain, yet cell service costs more than a landline, drops calls all the time, and apparently is utterly dependant on utility power (that drops here every time a butterfly flaps). The "expensive" to provision and maintain landline never drops calls, costs me less, and manages to stay up even after a week without utility power.
Cellphones are supposedly the 21st century communications network, but in many ways, they're a giant step backwards. An aweful lot of people are dependant on them for emergencies but apparently, while useful for small emergencies, they're perfectly set up to fail miserably when needed most.
Yup, only way out of it is OpenMoko to get clue #1 and make mesh networking the default fallback option, plus skype like voice transmission, only flipping to edge / g3 if said networks are available and selected in the user preference menu.
Fully agreed. It's going to have to come from an open project (at least in the U.S.) since the cell providers will make sure no such feature exists un-neutered in a phone provided by them.
Well, in fairness, the two aren't really that comparable. There are a hell of a lot more cells than COs, and the issue becomes even more complicated when you factor microcells into the equation - cells that typically sit on rooftops in places where both the amount of space available and the weight limits go against anything but the most trivial power backup solutions.
The worst aspect of this is that in emergencies, the landlines frequently go down in many areas - a result of trees falling on overhead cables and other similar problems. I know, I've gone through three major hurricanes here in Florida. To their credit, BellSouth seems (or seemed - AT&T bought them out last year) to care a hell of a lot more about reliability than FPL, our power company, but outages are inevitable especially given the "build it quickly and cheaply" mentality of managing the high growth our area experienced from 1995-2005. So the already damaged cell network also has to take on the additional load of people using mobile phones instead of landlines due to lack of availability of the latter
If there's a problem with the FCC's attitude here, it's that they're not looking at the overall picture. We need more security with the links between homes and COs (point-to-point wireless would help here), we need more security with the power infrastructure in this country, and we need to take emergency traffic (be they calls between firefighters or 911 calls) off of insecure networks and onto alternative routes with predictable capacity and strong security. Focussing on making mobile telephony reliable for eight hours doesn't really do a lot to fix the problem.
Even more interesting: Verizon is marketing their cell phone data services to SCADA system designers. So, not only would you lose power, you could also lose any connection to the very things that caused the power outage.
As someone who designs SCADA systems, I'll think long and hard before I use any cell phone infrastructure to bring communications back to our operations control center.
You know, Verizon wasn't a party to the disagreement with the FCC's proposed rulemaking. And apparently they already have reserve power at most of their cell sites. Sounds like they have been planning and preparing to offer their cell service at a higher level of availability than competitors.
What are you using for SCADA WAN communication? If you use the landline network now, given that a tree across a line can take it down in many places, doesn't it make sense to have redundant links possibly including cell network?
I've been to a Verizon tower, and it had backup power. I was led to believe that this was a standard configuration. Part of the reason is that some of these towers are on mountains and other remote sites, where it's pretty easy to believe the power might not be so robust.
At the Cyber exercise I mentioned being at a few months back, the power guy indicated that they owned almost their entire SCADA network, and had the rest on leased lines. They had no such thing as SCADA WAN. They did have ICCP WAN, but that was a different issue. (It was also firewalled and encrypted.)
We mostly use licensed 928/952 MHz radio channels. We have master stations at our antenna sites (water tanks) and then access remote servers at the sites via an extensive partial mesh licensed microwave network. It is as robust and reliable as we choose to make it. We do not rely on common carrier infrastructure as we have seen this saturate in some of the most inappropriate times for some of the dumbest reasons (example: a wayward pilot in a two seat trainer airplane).
There are no magic answers here. We have many tools available to us. Verizon's services have their place and there are appropriate places to use them. However, I wouldn't use them everywhere.
The rule is stupid. It's based on a one-size-fits-all view of the network, as if every place were the desert suburbs where dedicated cell towers are placed every couple of miles along the boulevard, behind the strip malls.
Cell sites often have some battery backup; after all, the equipment is meant to run on 24 volts DC (vs. 48 volts for wireline gear). But a small battery can stabilize the power and keep it up through brief outages. 8 hours means a lot of batteries (lead-calcium -- don't fantasize about lithium) or a generator.
The cellular network is based on both coverage and capacity cells. Coverage means that you're in range of at least one cell; capacity means you have more cells, to create more capacity. If one goes down, you lose capacity, but coverage is often maintained. In emergencies, that can be prioritized. Small-area capacity cells have less need for battery backup than larger-coverage cells. The rule doesn't recognize that.
Here in the northeatern US, there are almost no cell towers. Cities and towns don't allow them. Antennas go on church steeples or roofs. I doubt that a church would want a diesel generator in its belfry! There are also pole-mounted and strand-mounted microcells; those could become more popular. (Pole-mounted WiFi is becoming more common, but its limitations are serious.) Those might have a small battery inside the case, but certainly no generator.
To quote the old joke, "You cannot have your kayak and heat it too." The cell providers keep trying to push themselves onto the Public Safety types, saying "You don't need your fancy [APCO-25|TETRA] system! Cell phones are MUCH cheaper!"
Fine, if they want to play in the Public Safety sector, then let them play by the same rules: You have to be able to prioritize emergency traffic, bumping other traffic if needed, in seconds or less. You have to have the redundancy to survive major system failures, including power failures. You have to have ruggedized equipment that won't die just because it fell a couple of feet onto concrete. You have to have access control to prevent unauthorized users from accessing the system. You have to have encryption.
If they AREN'T willing to live up to the standards that Public Safety lives up to, then STOP TRYING TO COMPETE THERE. Admit that cellular is less reliable than wireline, and MUCH less reliable than a proper Public Safety system. Admit you make more money selling people TV on their phones than you do providing phone calls.
Especially in the wake of Katrina, where the cell companies where trying to get priority assigned to restoring power to their towers over other users "because we are critical infrastructure!" - sorry guys, if you don't have some backup systems, you shouldn't be treated as critical infrastructure.
Two years ago Wednesday we had two tornados in my neighborhood. Power was out for us for a solid week and the nearby cell tower didn't survive, so the cell phones worked marginally at best and not at all in most of the area. Backup wouldn't have helped that situation. The buried POTS lines worked perfectly.
In a Katrina type situation, 8 hours is riduculously short, but the network overload makes even a week long backup of questionable value. By that time most folk's cell phones are long dead anyway unless thay have a method of recharging.
I'm a ham also. The phrase, "When all else fails" applies. I've got about 25 amp-hours of charged 12 volt batteries at hand and the family cars can supply lots more amp-hours. I've got a generator with fuel that can be stretched, through intermittant running, to several days without having to get more.
I believe WPS is one of the reasons cell towers should have
backup systems. I also believe that WPS calls should trigger an
autopower backup. This will prevent the batteries being
"always-on" and keep the tower running longer for more
dire emergencies, responders, and the like.
As for battery power for "regular" people/calls, even
in the events of disaster, I think that calls should only be
prioritized based on 911 calls. ONLY 911 calls get to activate
the battery system, as well as the WPS calls (first responders
have special access codes for this service anyway which bump off
ANY calls that are NOT WPS)
Calls that go to 911, that are NOT emergencies - we know people
in disasters call all the time anyway to ask questions - should
have their location, name, number, and all other information
logged, and be fined no less then $1000 for EACH call that is not
truly a life threatening emergency. This hopefully will prevent
people from calling 911 to say..."My house is flooded, but
Im okay, where do I go?" - Should have already been watching
the news for EVACUATION ROUTES AND SERVICES. If they havent,
shame on them. Dog eat dog world. Survival of the fittest.
Battery Power - TRUE 911/WPS calls, activated with the call, and
put into shutdown passive mode when not active call.
Battery Power - NOT for residential calls, or welfare calls, and
non-emergency calls.
Should Cell Phone Towers have Backup Power?
The FCC wants most telcos who operate cellular service to have their towers supplied with backup power sufficient for at least eight hours of service if the normal grid power goes down. Most of them are protesting the mandate, saying that it is too expensive and in a lot of circumstances, impossible, as the siting decisions already made preclude placement of heavy batteries and generators.
.."Jackie McCarthy, director of governmental affairs for PCIA _ The Wireless Infrastructure Association, said the government should allow the industry to decide how best to keep its networks running, pointing out that all the backup power in the world won't help a cell tower destroyed by wind or wildfires."....more, no immediate payback or ROI on security, there..but you find out how valuable it really is once your security plans, including backups, get used in an emergency.
ed: just *very* generally speaking, I think just about everything should have backup power. Today, electricity more or less equals civilization. You lose electricity, things start to deteriorate rapidly. Communications are just one example there. In this particular case, the telcos get *licensed* public spectrum in order to run a business from which they profit. Many other businesses in the past have had to contend with "new" regulations, that at first they resisted, saying it was impossible, too expensive and so on. Like "waah, we can't make any money unless we dump toxic chemical waste directly in the drinking water supply" or "waah, it is too hard, we can't make cars that have a fleet average fuel economy of 24 MPG" and so on. But..they somehow managed.
A mandated 8 hour backup solution would be quite the economic incentive boost to getting Large light(er)weight batteries that are both cheap, powerful-enough and *don't suck* or blow up.
In other words, I think they could figure out how to do it, and in the long run, in the next emergency, it might come in useful. And to get back to the other, 8 hours for a lot more businesses, like say gas stations, or grocery stores. Power goes out, whoops, no pumping gas or running the till or anything-right when folks need it the most. Houses in general, power goes out, no backup, stuff in the fridge starts going, no heat, no cooling, etc. All of that. Backup and decentralized power, additional points of production or storage, is a very good idea for "societal civilization security".
Look at that last big Florida power outage, one guy working on one switch messed up, poof, ton of loss of "civilization" for folks. Granted, not a Katrina scale, but an example of how critical electricity is, and the necessity for starting to get away from the massive single point of failure models, even if it costs some money "upfront" and has no apparent immediate "this quarter" return on investment.